Katoa e pā ana ki Hōputu Kōpae me te Hōputu Kōpae

Wāhanga 1. He aha te pūnaha kōnae?

PÜNAHA FILE

Pūnaha Kōnae e whakamahia ki te āwhina ki te whakarite me te taonga raraunga tino tōtika, me te rite ngāwari wātea rite taea. Mahi tēnei mā te wehe i te info katoa ki nga wahi iti, rongoa ki te pūtau iti tini rāngai o te puku kōpae mārō (HDD) ranei. Enei rāngai kua whakarōpūtia iho ki tautau (karanga Microsoft ratou 'wae toha'). Te rahi o ia rāpoi tei runga i te torutoru āhuatanga motuhake o te rorohiko. Ko te rua nga tino nui ko tona Pūnaha Whakahaere (OS), te rahi o HDD me te pūnaha ano kōnae. Tei runga i te rahi o ia tautau, ka rerekē te tōtika o HDD me, no reira, ka rerekē hua whānui o te rorohiko rawa.

I roto i tēnei tuhinga ka whakamārama poto matou, ka whakarite i te rerekētanga matua i waenganui i toru pūnaha kōnae Windows tino rongonui: FAT32, NTFS & HPFS.

Wāhanga momo pūnaha 2.File

FAT tirohanga

Ko tētahi o nga pūnaha kōnae tino taurite ko FAT. Ko te 'Ripanga Tohatoha Kōnae' tuatahi i hanga e Bill Gates a Marc MacDonald i 1977. Neke atu i te o te wa i te wā roa ko te reira i te pūnaha matua kōnae mo DOS me Microsoft Windows (ake tae noa ki te tuku o Windows AU).

I roto i te pūnaha FAT katoa te maha o ngä rängai i roto i ia tautau he rite ki te tahi mana o te rua (arā, 1, 2, 4, 8 etc). Ia wahi o te kōrero kei te rongoa i roto i ara te maha o tautau (itinga 1) te. Na, ki te hiahia tatou ki te rokiroki 40B o ngā mōhiohio, me te rahi o ia tautau he 4KB, ka whakamahi anake tatou a tawhio noa 1% o te mahara e wātea ana, e hanga ana e te reira kaua hauarea. Nā tēnei, te iti te rahi o ia rāpoi - te hua o runga o te pūnaha.

E wha nga putanga matua o tenei pūnaha kōnae: FAT12, FAT16, FAT32 me exFAT. Rerekē enei momo katoa i ia te tahi i roto i ngā o te nui o ngā paita whakamahia ki te rokiroki i te tau taupū o ia kāhui. Na, hei tauira, mō te FAT16, tenei tau ko 16, me te pera i runga i. I roto i te mahi, i te nuinga whakamahia FAT12 i roto i kōpae pīngore, FAT16 i roto i te kōpae iti-rahi, me te Kei te whakamahia tonu te exFAT i ngā puku flash. Ko te pūnaha kōnae e tatou tino hiahia i roto i te mea FAT32, rite te mea ano tetahi o te hunga tino noa.

Tuatahi ka puta FAT32 ki te tuku o Windows 95 OSR2 i 1996, me te tino ko te putanga whakahoutia o FAT16. Ka whakamahia e FAT32 he pūnaha whakatutuki 32B mo tautau, ki te rohe ki te kōnae rahi rite ki 4GB. I roto i te mahi tikanga i te reira e te tau mōrahi o ngā kōnae i runga i FAT32 ko 4.177.920 me te tau mōrahi o ngā kōnae / kōpaki ia ia kōpaki ko 65,534. I hakari, Windows 95, Windows 98, Windows 2003 me Windows 7 katoa tautoko FAT32. Heoi, ahakoa taea e Windows e rua 2000 me Windows XP te pānui me te tuhituhi FAT32, te pūnaha kōnae FAT32 nui e taea te hanga i runga i enei tüäpapa ko 32GB anake.

HPFS tirohanga

HPFS 'te Pūnaha Kōnae Mahinga High' ranei i hangaia mō OS / 2 i roto i te tikanga ki te whakaiti i te whāititanga o FAT. Ko te rite FAT te whakahaere whaiaronga o HPFS, engari te reira tāpiri hoki te āhuatanga o te kōmaka aunoa o ngā kōnae, i runga i o ratou ingoa. Te rahi kōnae ano i atu ki runga ki te 254 pūāhua paita rua. I tua atu, HPFS whakamahi ana rāngai tinana, nui atu i tautau, i te whakaiti i te mokowā kōpae ngaro tino. Ano, hapa o HPFS te whakatikatika āheinga kei runga noa atu FAT.

Ahakoa, he HPFS ona ake huakore rite te pai. Ko te pai hoki puku i roto i te 200MB - whānui 400MB. Ki te he iti iho i 200MB te rōrahi, hanga ana e ia HPFS kaua hauarea; a ka ko te rōrahi runga 400MB, ka te kaiwhakamahi kia fehangahangai e etahi kinonga mahi. Kei te anake tautoko ano te reira i raro i Windows NT putanga 3.1, 3.5 me te 3,51.

Tirohanga PKHH

NTFS 'Hangarau New Pūnaha Kōnae' ranei - pūnaha kōnae e Microsoft. Pūnaha kōnae Taunoa o Windows NT utuafare. Tuatahi i te aroaro i roto i te 1993, e angitu te rota i tona mua: HPFS. Ko tōna matua whakapai ake i runga i HPFS me FAT kei roto i ngā o te tika, nui taumahinga me taotiaraa tangohia, whakaritea ki te HPFS me FAT.

Tika: Tuatahi, e pupuri ana i nga wa katoa NTFS te ara o ona whakawhitinga ki te pūnaha kōnae. Tenei taea ki te hohoro 'hurihia hoki' whakawhitinga ki te mahi i wāhi whakamutunga i roto i te tikanga mo te pūnaha kōnae ki te ora. Tuarua, ki te taka te ahanoa motuhake ngā o te pūnaha, te reira noa ai te kore rāngai kotahi, e kore nei e pā i te pūnaha kōnae katoa nuinga. Tuatoru, tautoko NTFS whakatika wera.

Taumahinga: NTFS ano whakarato i te whānui tūāpapa mō ētahi atu pūnaha kōnae ki te kia hanga ki runga ki. Āwhina ai hoki te te tauira haumaru Windows NT me maha awa raraunga. I tua atu, e āhei reira ngā kaiwhakamahi ki te tāpiri i ngā huanga āta tautuhia ki te kōnae whiriwhiri.

Whāititanga Kua tangohia: Ko te mea nui, i raro i NTFS kua tino nui haere te rahi o ngā kōnae, me ngā pukapuka, tuku ki a ratou kia ki runga ki te 2 ^ 64 bytes. Rite ki te FAT, ano NTFS whakamahia e tautau, e wete i te raru i te rahi rāngai whakaritea o, fehangahangai e kaiwhakamahi o HPFS.

A paraparau o te huakore, e kore e tūtohu ana ki te whakamahi i te reira i runga i te rōrahi, iti ake i te 400MB (rite ana te raruraru ki HPFS). Ano, i reira he tonu kahore whakamunatanga kōnae mō tēnei pūnaha kōnae.

FAT32 vs PKHH

I tēnei wā NTFS Ko te pūnaha kōnae paerewa mō katoa OS Windows, timata mai i Windows NT, io muri. Ko te matua take e toru ki te hiahia te reira i runga i FAT32 e:

Ko te āheinga ki te ora i ngā hapa aunoa-kōpae pā ana;

Pai ake te tautoko mo te HDD nui;

Ētahi atu haumarutanga arā, i runga i te pūnaha whakaaetanga me te whakamunatanga ki rāhui i te uru ki ngā tuhinga;

E te okotahi anake ki te whakamahi koe rua-booting i runga i tō rorohiko. He OS rerekē e rua i runga i tō rorohiko e fakahu'unga kia tāuta te OS mua i runga i FAT32. Ano, e hiahia ana koe ki te kia e FAT32 ko te arai tuatahi i runga i taua rorohiko.

Conclusion: Na, i te pūnaha kōnae pai hoki Windows i enei ko NTFS. Ahakoa, ki te kei te tonu te whakamahi koe FAT32 me feruri e mea nahea ki te huri i te reira, he konei he aratohu watea pehea ki te tahuri ki a NTFS i waho ngaro tetahi raraunga nui.